C++ Language
- C++ is a robust programming language known for its performance and efficiency. It provides low-level control over hardware resources, making it suitable for system-level programming and applications requiring high-speed processing.
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About The Course
Certainly! The C++ programming language is a powerful and widely-used programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs. It’s an extension of the C programming language with additional features such as classes and objects, which support object-oriented programming (OOP) principles.
Key Highlights
Object-Oriented: C++ supports object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigms, including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. This allows for structured and modular code organization.
Strongly Typed: C++ is a statically typed language, meaning variables must be declared with their data types before they can be used. This helps catch errors at compile-time rather than runtime.
Compiled Language: C++ code is compiled into machine code before execution, offering better performance compared to interpreted languages. It uses a compiler to translate source code into executable files.
Standard Template Library (STL): C++ includes a powerful library of generic algorithms and containers (like vectors, lists, maps) known as the STL. It provides reusable functions and classes that implement common data structures and algorithms.
Memory Management: C++ allows manual memory management through features like pointers. This gives programmers fine-grained control over memory allocation and deallocation, which is crucial for performance-critical applications.
Operator Overloading: C++ allows operators to be redefined so that they can be used with user-defined data types. This enables a more natural and intuitive syntax for working with custom types.
Templates: Templates in C++ enable generic programming, allowing functions and classes to operate on different data types without having to rewrite the code for each type. This supports the creation of highly reusable code.
Exception Handling: C++ provides mechanisms for handling run-time errors gracefully through try, catch, and throw constructs. This helps in writing robust code that can recover from unexpected situations.
Multi-paradigm: While primarily object-oriented, C++ also supports procedural and generic programming paradigms. This flexibility allows developers to choose the most appropriate approach for their problem domain.
Compatibility: C++ is widely supported on various platforms and architectures. It has a large ecosystem of compilers, libraries, and tools, making it suitable for developing a wide range of applications from system software to graphical applications and games.
What you will learn
Basic Syntax and Structure
- Understand the basic syntax of C++ programming, including variables, data types, operators, expressions, and statements.
- Learn about control flow structures such as if-else, switch, loops (for, while, do-while), and how to use them effectively.
Functions and Scope
- Define and use functions, including function prototypes, parameters, return types, and function overloading.
- Understand variable scope, including local variables, global variables, and static variables.
Memory Management
- Learn about memory allocation and deallocation using new and delete operators.
- Understand the role of pointers and references in C++, including pointer arithmetic and pointer-to-functions.
Standard Template Library (STL)
- Explore the components of the STL, such as containers (vectors, lists, maps, etc.) and algorithms (sorting, searching, manipulating data).
- Use iterators to traverse and manipulate data within containers
What roles can a C++ language play?
Systems Programmer
C++ is widely used in systems programming, where low-level hardware interactions, memory management, and performance optimizations are critical. Operating systems, device drivers, and firmware are often written in C++.
Game Developer
C++ is a primary language for game development due to its high performance and control over hardware. Game engines like Unreal Engine and Unity are largely written in C++. Game logic, physics engines, and graphics rendering are areas where C++ excels
Software Engineer
C++ is used in developing large-scale software applications across various industries, including finance, telecommunications, automotive, and aerospace. Applications range from high-frequency trading systems to telecommunications infrastructure and embedded software in vehicles.
Graphics Programmer
C++ is heavily used in graphics programming for applications such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer graphics, and visualization tools. Libraries like OpenGL and DirectX are often accessed through C++ interfaces for graphics rendering.
Skills Covered under this Course
Software Development
Financial Software
Database Management
Robotics and Automation
Curriculum (Module)
- Overview of C++: History, features, and applications.
- Setting Up Environment: Installing compilers (e.g., GCC, Visual Studio), IDEs (e.g., Visual Studio Code, Code::Blocks).
- Basic Structure: Hello World program, basic syntax rules.
- Variables and Data Types: Integers, floating-point numbers, characters, strings, and their usage.
- Operators: Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators.
- Control Flow: Decision-making (if-else, switch-case) and looping (for, while, do-while) constructs.
- Functions: Function declaration, definition, parameters, return types, and function overloading.
- Introduction to OOP: Concepts of classes and objects.
- Class Basics: Declaring classes, defining member functions, and understanding access specifiers (public, private, protected).
- Constructor and Destructor: Purpose, syntax, and usage.
- Inheritance: Creating derived classes, base class access, and overriding methods.
- Polymorphism: Function overloading, overriding, and dynamic polymorphism with virtual functions.
- Templates: Function templates and class templates for generic programming.
- STL (Standard Template Library): Overview of containers (vectors, lists, maps), algorithms (sorting, searching), and iterators.
- Exception Handling: Using try-catch blocks, throwing exceptions, and handling errors gracefully.
- File Handling: Reading from and writing to files using file streams (ifstream, ofstream).
- Pointers and References: Basics of pointers, pointer arithmetic, and working with references.
- Dynamic Memory Allocation: Using
newanddeleteoperators, avoiding memory leaks. - Smart Pointers: Utilizing
std::unique_ptrandstd::shared_ptrfor automatic memory management. - Move Semantics: Understanding move constructors and move assignment operators for efficient resource management.
- Building Projects: Applying learned concepts to create small to medium-sized applications.
- Debugging and Optimization: Techniques for debugging code and optimizing performance.
- Best Practices: Writing clean, maintainable code with proper documentation and coding standards.
- Project Work: Undertaking a C++ project to reinforce skills and apply knowledge in real-world scenarios.
- Concurrency: Basics of multi-threading and synchronization using
std::threadand synchronization primitives (mutex, condition variable). - Networking: Introduction to socket programming and network communication in C++.
- Graphics and Game Development: Using libraries like OpenGL or game engines (e.g., Unreal Engine) with C++.
- Community Engagement: Participating in C++ forums, communities (e.g., Stack Overflow), and attending meetups or conferences.
- Exploring New Standards: Staying updated with the latest features and enhancements in C++ (e.g., C++17, C++20).